{"id":12017,"date":"2022-08-15T18:22:46","date_gmt":"2022-08-15T18:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/82.78.133.10\/?p=12017"},"modified":"2023-10-10T11:27:04","modified_gmt":"2023-10-10T11:27:04","slug":"she","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/she\/","title":{"rendered":"Sectia Hidrologie Experimentala"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-content-article\">\n<h3><strong>Obiectiv<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>cercetarea experimental\u0103 a proceselor hidrologice la micoscara, at\u00e2t sub aspectul cunoa\u015fterii scurgerii de suprafa\u0163\u0103 (lichide \u015fi solide), c\u00e2t \u015fi a celor legate de evapora\u0163ie \u015fi evapotranspira\u0163ie (la nivelul solului, apei si zapezii) pe baza complexului de observatii si masuratori obtinute in reteaua de Bazine Reprezentative, Bazine Experimentale si Statii Evaporimetrice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Unitati de cercetare<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inhga.ro\/she#she_statii_evaporimetrice\"><strong>Statii evaporimetrice<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inhga.ro\/she#she_bazine_reprezentative\"><strong>Bazine reprezentative<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inhga.ro\/she#she_bazine_experimentale\"><strong>Bazine experimentale<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inhga.ro\/she#she_rezultate\">Rezultate<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>STATIILE EVAPORIMETRICE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Procesul evapora\u0163iei are o larg\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire \u00een natur\u0103, cantit\u0103\u0163ile de vapori de ap\u0103 se ridic\u0103 de pe suprafa\u0163a apei \u015fi a solului cu sau f\u0103r\u0103 vegeta\u0163ie, sau de pe suprafa\u0163a plantelor. La nivelul Rom\u00e2niei problematica m\u0103sur\u0103torii evapora\u0163iei s-a pus \u00eenc\u0103 din anul 1951, c\u00e2nd s-a \u00eenceput organizarea unei re\u0163ele de sta\u0163ii evaporimetrice av\u00e2nd la baz\u0103 studiile \u015fi cercet\u0103rile interna\u0163ionale.<\/p>\n<p>Primele sta\u0163ii evaporimetrice au fost instalate pe lacuri, datorit\u0103 impactului pe care evapora\u0163ia o exercit\u0103 asupra analizelor de bilan\u0163 hidric, precum \u015fi asupra exploat\u0103rii ra\u0163ionale a acumul\u0103rilor de ap\u0103 \u00een agricultur\u0103 \u015fi piscicultur\u0103. Din anul 1957 s-a \u00eenceput extinderea re\u0163elei \u015fi la nivelul solului prin m\u0103suratori \u00een bazine evaporimetrice de diferite dimensiuni, dar \u015fi la nivelul lizimetrelor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prezent, \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea un num\u0103r de 53 sta\u0163ii evaporimetrice,\u00a0 dintre care 40 sunt sta\u0163ii evaporimetrice amplsate pe sol \u015fi 13 sunt plute evaporimetrice amplsate pe lacuri. Toate acestea au o distribu\u0163ie uniform\u0103 pe suprfa\u0163a \u0163\u0103rii \u015fi sunt gestionate de administra\u0163iile bazinale de ap\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen gestiunea INHGA intr\u0103 3 sta\u0163ii evaporimetrice experimentale, respectiv Poiana Bra\u015fov, Voine\u015fti, C\u0103ld\u0103ru\u015fani, scopul principal al acestora fiind cercetarea proceselor de evapora\u0163ie de la suprafa\u0163a apei, a solului \u015fi a z\u0103pezii, precum \u015fi a evapotranspira\u0163iei la nivelul solului liber \u015fi experimental pentru diferite tipuri de culturi agricole specifice arelului \u00een care este localizat\u0103 sta\u0163ia (<em>Fig. 1.).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ultimii ani la nivelul sta\u0163iilor experimentale au fost testate, utilizate o serie de aparaturi automate (statie automat\u0103 cu senzori de temperatur\u0103, umezeal\u0103, evapora\u0163ie, radia\u0163ii) \u00een vederea ob\u0163inerii de date cat mai precise \u015fi la interval de timp c\u00e2t mai mic.<\/p>\n<p>Colectivul Sec\u0163iei Hidrologie Experimental\u0103 desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 lunar activit\u0103\u0163i de ob\u0163inere \u015fi prelucrare a datelor hidrometeorologice de la cele trei sta\u0163ii exeprimental, \u015fi anual se ocup\u0103 cu validarea datelor hidrometeorlogice ob\u0163inute la sta\u0163iile evaporimetrice din toat\u0103 \u0163ara. Activitatea Se\u0163iei Hidrologie Experimental\u0103 cuprinde \u015fi propunerea \u015fi elaborarea unor teme de cercetare ce vizeaz\u0103 impactul schimb\u0103rilor climatice asupra rezervei de ap\u0103, reducerea pierderilor de ap\u0103 generate de evapora\u0163ie s.a.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1159\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-1.jpeg 1159w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-1-1024x721.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-1-768x541.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-1-640x451.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-1-400x282.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1159px) 100vw, 1159px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Fig.1. Harta privind distribu\u0163ia sta\u0163iilor evaporimetrice din re\u0163eaua na\u0163ional\u0103<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12020 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"916\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-2.jpeg 916w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-2-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-2-463x348.jpeg 463w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-2-640x480.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-2-400x300.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 916px) 100vw, 916px\" \/>Sta\u0163ia evaporimetric\u0103 experimental\u0103 Voine\u015fti &#8211; lizimetre<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12021 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1082\" height=\"813\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-3.jpeg 1082w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-3-1024x769.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-3-768x577.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-3-463x348.jpeg 463w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-3-640x480.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-3-400x300.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1082px) 100vw, 1082px\" \/>Sta\u0163ia evaporimetric\u0103 experimental\u0103\u00a0<\/em><em>Poiana Bra\u015fov \u2013 platform\u0103 de z\u0103pad\u0103<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"journal-content-article\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"632\" height=\"948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-1.png 632w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/evaporatie-1-400x600.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/>Sta\u0163ia evaporimetric\u0103 experimental\u0103 C\u0103ld\u0103ru\u015fani<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"journal-content-article\">\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.inhga.ro\/she#top\">^top<\/a><strong>BAZINELE REPREZENTATIVE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cunoa\u015fterea regimului hidrologic din Rom\u00e2nia, precum \u015fi analiza \u015fi evaluarea caracteristicilor scurgerii lichide \u015fi solide, se realizeaz\u0103, at\u00e2t prin Re\u0163eaua Hidrologic\u0103 Na\u0163ional\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi prin\u00a0<strong>Re\u0163eaua de Bazinele Reprezentative \u015fi Experimentale<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Rolul\u00a0<strong>Bazinelor Reprezentative<\/strong>\u00a0\u00een activitatea hidrologic\u0103 vizeaz\u0103 cunoa\u015fterea procesului de formare a scurgerii lichide \u015fi solide, \u00een faze ini\u0163iale, la nivelul bazinelor hidrografice mici (F &lt; 100 km<sup>2<\/sup>). Identificarea mecanismelor care controleaz\u0103 formarea scurgerii \u00een fazele ini\u0163iale, pe suprafe\u0163e primare, confer\u0103 acestor tipuri de bazine \u015fi un important rol de avertizare \u00een cazul producerii unor fenomene hidrometeorologice extreme.<\/p>\n<p>Din punct de vedere geografic, acestea sunt repartizate pe cele trei forme majore de relief \u015fi surprind, at\u00e2t condi\u0163iile regimului natural de scurgere, c\u00e2t \u015fi influen\u0163ele antropice (diferite moduri de utilizare \u015fi acoperire a terenurilor).<\/p>\n<p>Activitatea hidrometric\u0103 din cadrul\u00a0<strong>Bazinelor Reprezentative<\/strong>\u00a0se eviden\u0163iaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din anul 1969 c\u00e2nd au fost \u00eenfiin\u0163ate primele 4 Bazine Reprezentative,\u00a0 \u00een prezent func\u0163ion\u00e2nd un num\u0103r de\u00a0 14 astfel de bazine.<\/p>\n<p>UNESCO, prin Programul Hidrologic Interna\u0163ional, a organizat \u00een anul 1986 Re\u0163eaua European\u0103 a Bazinelor Reprezentative \u015fi Experimentale (ERB), in cadrul c\u0103reia Rom\u00e2nia este afiliat\u0103 din anul 1993.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inhga.ro\/she#top\">^top<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inhga.ro\/she#top\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-12022 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/HARTA-Bazine-Reprezentative-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/HARTA-Bazine-Reprezentative-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/HARTA-Bazine-Reprezentative-1024x723.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/HARTA-Bazine-Reprezentative-768x542.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/HARTA-Bazine-Reprezentative-1536x1085.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/HARTA-Bazine-Reprezentative-2048x1446.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/HARTA-Bazine-Reprezentative-640x452.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/HARTA-Bazine-Reprezentative-400x282.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>BAZINE EXPERIMENTALE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cadrul Institutului Na\u0163ional de Hidrologie \u015fi Gospod\u0103rire a Apelor, cercetarea hidrologic\u0103 la microsacar\u0103 at\u00e2t cu parcele experimentale (parcele de scurgere \u015fi parcele de bilan\u0163 al apei \u00een sol), c\u00e2t \u015fi cu sta\u0163ii hidrometrice, asociat\u0103 cu programe complexe de observa\u0163ii \u015fi m\u0103sur\u0103tori se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een 3 unit\u0103\u0163i de cercetare. Aceste unit\u0103\u0163i sunt situate \u00een regiunea Carpa\u0163ilor \u015fi Subcarpa\u0163ilor de Curbur\u0103 (FIG. 1), recunoscut\u0103 pentru severitatea fenomenelor hidrice extreme \u2013 viituri, inunda\u0163ii \u015fi transport solid ridicat.<\/p>\n<p>Investiga\u021biile hidrologice au \u00eenceput \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada anilor 1964, odat\u0103 cu \u00eenfiin\u0163area Sta\u0163iei de Hidrologie Experimental\u0103 Voine\u015fti, actual Bazin Experimental Voine\u015fti. Ulterior, \u00een 1975, cercet\u0103rile privind mecanismul formarii scurgerii pe versant au fost extinse \u00een bazinul hidrografic al r\u00e2ului Teleajen \u00een unitatea Bazinul Reprezentativ Teleajenul Superior \u201eCHEIA&#8221;, iar din 1984 la Aldeni, \u00een cadrul Bazinului Experimental Aldeni.<\/p>\n<p>Con\u021binutul activit\u0103\u021bii hidrologice se bazeaz\u0103 pe date hidrometeorologice \u015fi se refer\u0103 la stabilirea unor rela\u0163ii definite cantitativ, \u00eentre scurgere \u015fi factorii genetici &#8211; \u00een condi\u0163ii naturale \u015fi cu ploii artificiale, respectiv condi\u0163ionali. Efectuarea complexului de observa\u0163ii \u015fi m\u0103sur\u0103tori asupra elementelor necesare determin\u0103rii cantitative a elementelor ecua\u0163iei bilan\u0163ului apei, se face \u00eendeosebi cu aparatur\u0103 hidrometric\u0103 modern\u0103 (de ex. senzori de presiune, pluviometre automate; sond\u0103 \u015fi senzori pentru m\u0103surarea determinarea umidit\u0103\u0163ii solului, etc.).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inhga.ro\/she#top\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/harta_baz_exp-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1906\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/harta_baz_exp-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/harta_baz_exp-1024x762.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/harta_baz_exp-768x572.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/harta_baz_exp-1536x1144.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/harta_baz_exp-2048x1525.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/harta_baz_exp-640x476.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/harta_baz_exp-400x298.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>^top<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Rezultate<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>studii hidrologice la microscara;<\/li>\n<li>studii din domeniul evaporatiei si evapotranspiratiei;<\/li>\n<li>elaborarea sintezelor anuale privind regimul hidrologic din re\u0163eaua hidrometric\u0103 din bazinele reprezentative \u015fi experimentale;<\/li>\n<li>actualizarea fondului de date hidrologice \u015fi hidrometeorologice de la bazinele reprezentative si statiile experimentale;<\/li>\n<li>indrumare, instructiuni metodologice si tehnice in domeniul evaporatiei, hidrologiei bazinelor experimentale si reprezentative;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obiectiv cercetarea experimental\u0103 a proceselor hidrologice la micoscara, at\u00e2t sub aspectul cunoa\u015fterii scurgerii de suprafa\u0163\u0103 (lichide \u015fi solide), c\u00e2t \u015fi a celor legate de evapora\u0163ie \u015fi evapotranspira\u0163ie (la nivelul solului, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[102],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-departamente-sectii"],"acf":[],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":false,"list":false,"medium":false,"full":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12017","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12017"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12024,"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12017\/revisions\/12024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hidro.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}